This book aims to advance the understanding of multilingualism in society. Challenges to the myths of monolingualism in the English-speaking countries (the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and United Kingdom) are commonplace. It is less well-known that the same assumptions and behaviors associated with monolingualism in the English-speaking world are also influential in other countries. This book underscores the fact that Castilian is only one of the languages spoken in Spain. While the issues raised in this volume are of global significance, the book also places developments concerning linguistic diversity in Spain within the European legislative framework. Part one examines the larger established language minorities in Spain: the Catalan and Basque speaking communities and the Galician speech community. Part two looks at the smaller established minorities: the Occitan of the Aran Valley, the Asturian speech community, and the sign language communities. Part three looks at other established minorities: the Gitano and Jewish communities. Part 4 examines the new migrant language minorities, the Brazilian, Cape Verdean, Chinese, Italian, Maghrebi, Portuguese, British, and American communities. Notes and references are included at the end of each chapter. (KFT)