This longitudinal case study investigated issues that influence successful talent development in the arts and examined the effects of long-term artistic involvement on the lives of 23 artistically talented young people (ages 10-26) in New York City, all of whom had participated in a dance or music program in their elementary years. Most students were economically disadvantaged and from minority or culturally different backgrounds. Interviews were conducted with the students, their families, arts instructors, school teachers, and others. Four factors emerged as the primary obstacles to talent development: family circumstances, lack of affordable or appropriate instructional opportunities, peer resentment and social stigma, and the conflict between personal dreams and practical realities. The study also identified four factors key to student success in overcoming these obstacles: family support, instructional opportunities, community and school support, and innate personal qualities and psychological competencies. Evaluation of student accomplishments and observable behaviors concluded that 21 of the 23 students had achieved successful outcomes. Results have implications for development of interventions and programs to help young people with talent and drive but few opportunities. (Contains 92 references.) (DB)