This guide examines the legal issues to consider in setting policy on the appropriate uses, and consequences, of student testing, and explores the controversies that have arisen in places where new polices were implemented. Chapter 1, "An Overview of Student Testing and Assessment," provides a brief overview of some of the state and federal legal implications of high-stakes testing. Several state programs are examined in greater detail, including Virginia's Standards of Learning program, the Massachusetts Comprehensive Assessment System initiative, and California's Standardized Testing and Reporting program. Chapter 2, "A Framework for Addressing Student Test Use Issues," explores lessons attorneys should draw from federal jurisprudence, research, practice, and psychometric principles, including the need to understand testing objectives, the need to align curriculum, instruction, and testing content, and limits in use of testing. Chapter 3, "Due Process and Discrimination Issues in High-Stakes Testing," reveals several important legal issues that must be considered during the controversial process of designing and using high-stakes testing. Chapter 4, "Special Considerations in High-Stakes Testing," investigates the testing of students with disabilities under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, and the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. Chapter 5, "Using Student Test Results to Evaluate Educational Professionals and Institutions," evaluates case law germane to high-stakes testing. (TEJ)