Academic standards listed in this guide are based upon national standards as well as a discipline-based art education approach. They are presented and articulated for each grade level from kindergarten through grade 8. They are presented by course or art medium in grades 9-12 to represent the organization of most high school art courses. The guide organizes standards in grades 9-12 by proficient and advanced levels. The guide states that a comprehensive visual arts education will include acquisition of knowledge and development of skills according to the following standards: (1) "History," students understand the significance of visual art in relation to historical, social, political, spiritual, environmental, technological, and economic issues; (2) students recognize significant works of art and understand the chronological development of art movements; (3) "Criticism," students describe, research, and interpret works of art and artifacts; (4) students identify and apply criteria to make informed judgments about art; (5) "Aesthetics," students reflect on and discuss the nature of art and aesthetic issues; (6) students theorize about art and make informed judgments; (7) "Production," students observe, select, and utilize a range of subject matter, symbols, and ideas in their work; (8) students understand and apply elements and principles of design effectively in their work; (9) students develop and apply skills using a variety of two- and three-dimensional media, tools, and processes to create works that communicate personal meaning; (10) students reflect on, revise, and refine their work using problem solving and other critical thinking skills; (11) "Careers and Community," students recognize a variety of art-related professions and careers in society; (12) students understand how art affects daily life, and identify opportunities for involvement in the arts; (13) "Integrated Studies," students identify and make connections between their knowledge/skill in art and all other disciplines; and (14) students understand the integrative nature of many art forms. (BT)