This booklet discusses how to improve girls' education drawing on lessons from experience and proposing action for the future. In spite of significant international mobilization in favor of women and their rights to education, much remains to be done. While girls' enrollment has increased, gender inequalities persist at all levels of education, becoming even more pronounced at higher levels. This low level of education and training for women hinders economic efficiency and growth and placed limitations on any measures taken to reduce poverty. The booklet is addressed to government officials, education planners, and policymakers and explains why they have to act on gender in education. It present the different measures that can be taken to increase female participation and outlines the kind of specific strategies that can be employed in different regions. It emphasizes the need to mobilize and coordinate a variety of actors, in the school system, in the home, in the community, in the private sector, in the media and in the different government agencies at various levels. (Contains 48 references.) (DFR)