This publication, one of a series designed to help policymakers and TANF [Temporary Assistance for Needy Families] agency personnel, offers a baseline for understanding the challenge of serving persons who are being forced off welfare roles but who are hard to place in employment. The following topics are covered: (1) policy issues (who should be considered hard to place?; interaction of work requirements and time limits for the hard-to-place; effect of sanctions policies on the hard-to-place; and use of exemptions and other work alternatives for the hard-to-place); (2) research findings (prevalence of potential employment barriers; relationship to work); (3) program options (assessment tools; staffing; service options; funding options); and (4) innovative practices (special needs; post-employment strategies; and comprehensive models). A list of 14 resource contacts and 18 publications is included. (KC)