This study examines higher education reforms in the 15 European Union member states and 3 European Free Trade Association countries between 1980-98, identifying trends, convergences, and divergences between the countries and changes in the management and control of higher education institutions, particularly as they relate to financing and quality control. After an introduction, Chapter 1, "Legislation for Change," examines policies underlying reform and instruments employed to formulate and enforce these policies. Chapter 2, "Management, Finance, and Control," discusses reforms affecting higher education management, financing, and quality control, noting the responsibilities of higher education institutions and regional and national governments. Chapter 3, "Access and Wastage," highlights changes in entry requirements and access routes for nontraditional students. Chapter 4, "Financial Aid to Students," examines major changes in public financial support for students. Chapter 5, "Curriculum and Teaching," examines changes in the structure of higher education, course planning, teaching methods, student assessment, and faculty training. Chapter 6, "Internationalisation," discusses the opening of higher education to international influences (e.g., course provision and cooperation and exchange of students and staff). Chapter 7, "Conclusions and Future Perspectives," discusses possible future reforms. A small companion document titled "Profile of...Two Decades of Reform in Higher Education in Europe: 1980 Onwards" offers brief discussions of the motivation for the study, methodology, entrepreneurial culture in higher education, quality evaluation, student diversity, structural renewal, and higher education in the Europe of tomorrow. (Contains 31 references.) (SM)