A national study estimated the short-term impacts of Job Corps (JC) on participants' employment and related outcomes during the 30 months after random assignment. Results for the short-term impact analysis were based on a comparison of eligible program participants randomly assigned to a program group (n=9,409) or a control group (n=5,977) that did not participate in JC. The analysis relied primarily on interview data. Findings indicated most program group participants stayed in JC for a substantial period of time; program group enrollees participated extensively in the core JC activities; differences in subgroups' JC experiences were small; JC substantially increased the education and training that program participants received; similar percentages of program and control group members were enrolled in education and training programs toward the end of the 30-month period; JC participation led to substantial increases in the receipt of General Educational Development and vocational certificates; JC generated positive earnings impact by 2 years after random assignment; and program group members secured higher-paying jobs with slightly more benefits. JC participation reduced receipt of public assistance benefits; significantly reduced arrest and conviction rates; had no impacts on the self-reported use of tobacco, alcohol, and illegal drugs; had no impact on family formation; and had no impact on mobility. (Appendixes include 20 references and supplementary tables.) (YLB)