This paper divides Philippine library history into three periods, establishing a relationship between historical events and library trends. During the Spanish period, modern library trends were introduced through the establishment of the Sociedad Economica in 1780, but did not influence Philippine library culture until the later part of the 19th century. In the 20th century, the United States introduced innovations in sciences and practice, but the foundation of Philippine librarianship was largely due to the enthusiasm of a few American librarians and Filipino scholars. After the devastation of World War 2, the newly established Philippine Republic helped strengthen academic and cultural institutions in the country. Today's Philippine librarianship is nurtured in library schools and consolidated through association and cooperative effort. (Contains 60 notes.) (Author/MES)