The foundations of national bibliography remain an effective legal deposit regime and the use of widely accepted bibliographic standards, but its nature, format, presentation, and way in which national bibliographies are produced are evolving to reflect changes in technology and user expectations. This paper presents experiences in Australia, where the printed national bibliography has been supplanted by access to a database. Highlights include: the importance of national bibliographies and legal deposit; the need for legal deposit law to be kept up-to-date; the application of deposit to online publishing; standards in the national bibliography; changes in the format of the national bibliography in Australia; problems generated by moving away from traditional forms of publication; and the shared cataloging network--the Australian Bibliographic Network, now replaced by Kinetica. The following emerging challenges to national bibliography are summarized: (1) increasing the comprehensiveness of the national bibliography by the inclusion of a wide variety of formats; (2) continuing to cope with the volume of the national publishing output; (3) the need for an archival version of the national bibliography; and (4) making the national bibliography more user friendly. (MES)