This literature review addresses the question of whether or not children, adolescents, and adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and the parents of those with ADHD have lowered self-esteem when compared to children, adolescents, and adults without ADHD and the parents of children without ADHD. The research is inconclusive on the self-esteem of children, with more research needed in this area. Adolescents and adults with ADHD, however, were found to have lower self-esteem than those without this disorder. Parents of children with ADHD who had comorbid symptoms were found to feel less competent in their parenting roles than the parents of children without ADHD. Lastly, the research supports the use of multimodal treatment programs to increase the self-esteem of children with ADHD, but further research is necessary to determine the longitudinal effects of this type of treatment. (Contains 30 references.) (Author/CR)