The implementation of competency-based assessment (CBA) under Australia's National Training Framework was evaluated to provide indicators for improvement in CBA policy and practice. The evaluation included three data collection activities: a survey of 258 teachers, trainers, and assessors (response rate, 43%); a survey of 68 Industry Training Advisory Board members (response rate, 89%); and case studies of 45 sites in 3 industry sectors. The evaluation focused on the extent to which CBA is meeting users' needs, the resources being used for CBA, and the perceived outcomes and benefits of CBA. Although the study participants were generally satisfied with CBA, they expressed concern over certain aspects of CBA that need improvement. The following are among the strategies for improving CBA practice that were identified: review competency standards for their value and relevance to industry; develop a creative national marketing and communication strategy to promote the benefits of vocational education and training (and thus CBA) to users and potential users; establish training and assessment partnerships between industry and registered training organizations; ensure that assessment includes underpinning knowledge, skills, attitudes, and ethics; and improve the quality of assessor training. (Concluding the document are lists of the research participants, reference group members, and focus group participants.) (MN)