This booklet, which was produced as a follow-up to the Fifth International Conference on Adult Education, examines monitoring adult learning for knowledge-based policymaking. The following are among the topics discussed in the booklet: (1) the need to reconstruct the reality of adult learning in consideration of the concepts of lifelong learning and formal, nonformal, and informal learning; (2) key issues in monitoring adult learning; (3) the importance of developing a framework for adult education indicators; (4) the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) framework for adult education indicators, which includes indicators related to area (contextual data, input, process, outcome) and levels (individuals, institutions, and region); (5) learning modalities that could possibly be included in the OECD framework; (6) development of a multilayered monitoring and information system and data collection avenues to be included in the system (administrative and institutionally based statistics and survey-based approaches and specialized household surveys); (7) shortcomings of surveys and the importance of process information from the practice of adult education; (8) key results of the first International Adult Literacy Survey; (9) implications of surveys for policymakers; (10) the need for complementary qualitative interpretations; and (11) workshop participants' recommendations regarding improving existing monitoring of adult learning. (MN)