This essay examines the ways in which European history, as a discipline, has been influenced by feminist scholarship in the field and by research on gender and sexuality. It explains that historians continue to challenge assumptions that have long obscured women's places in the economic, social, and political histories of Europe, especially in regard to ideological and economic factors that shaped the gender division of labor. The essay goes on to report that feminist historians have been active participants in efforts to rethink European history through the lens of cultural analysis, using the tools of anthropology, literary theory, and cultural studies. It examines recent scholarship on the body, sexuality, and identity in European history, noting that the new literature on sexuality has also included many studies of homosexuality. The essay notes that feminist scholarship has led to critiques of such historical conceptual paradigms as the "golden age" of classical Athens, the Italian Renaissance, and the French Enlightenment, and that women's history has also called other standard historical categories and paradigms--class, modernity, capitalism--into question. A 175-item bibliography contains information on general surveys and collections; historiography and theory; economy, society and politics; culture and power; bodies, identities and subjectivities; Internet resources; and other resources. (MDM)