This study examined gender differences in the correlates of different types of nonsocial play behaviors. Seventy-seven kindergarten children (38 males, 39 females) were observed during free play. Behaviors were categorized according to three subtypes of nonsocial play: reticent, solitary-passive, and solitary-active. Additional measures included an interview, assessment of academic achievement, parental ratings of child temperament, teachers' ratings of children's behavior problems, social competence, and academic skills. Findings from regression analyses indicated that a lack of social play for males, but not for females, was associated with indices of maladjustment. In particular, solitary-passive play was associated with positive outcomes for females, but not for males. In contrast, reticent play was a predictor of maladjustment for both genders. Findings indicate potentially different meanings in the various forms of nonsocial play behaviors for young boys and girls. Contains 17 references. (Author/HTH)