A review of research was undertaken to clarify the use of time out as a behavior management method in the schools. "Time out," the concept of separating children from their peers, is applied in familial, day care, and school settings to manage negative behaviors. Wide variations in the observed application of time out in regular and special education classrooms led to this inquiry. Research was analyzed to determine what circumstances and parameters warranted the application of the time out method. Learning principles, which provide the foundation for the application of the time out procedure, are reviewed along with less aversive behavioral interventions that may used in place of time out. Procedural guidelines are incorporated to provide the reader with an understanding of the need for cautious administration of time out with students in inclusive and special education classrooms. Recommendations for teacher education based on the principles operant learning theory, knowledge of rules and regulations concerning the use of time out, and consideration of the student's individual needs prior to enacting time out procedures in schools are included. (EMK)