The nature of effective staff development programs was studied in both business and education with the aim of helping school districts design alternative models of staff development programs for teachers. In the first phase of the study, school districts and businesses known for their reputations for staff development were asked to complete questionnaires about their programs. Fourteen school districts and 9 businesses responded. Their responses showed the importance of staff development and the frequency with which it was used. Four business and five school districts having the most ambitious programs were selected for the second phase of the study, in which in-depth interviews were conducted to examine staff development in more detail. Interview findings suggest that school districts need well-developed staff development tied to their visions, missions, and goals. The effectiveness of staff development and support for the sessions can be improved by relating them to one another. Incorporating staff development into the school day may be advantageous, and evaluating the effectiveness of these programs is essential. (SLD)