A series of meetings with leaders from six communities explored how efforts to reduce substance abuse may be affecting race relations. Leaders from these communities, located in Los Angeles (California), Mobile (Alabama), Gallup (New Mexico), Kansas City (Missouri), San Francisco (California), and Vallejo (California), spoke about discord between racial groups and the tensions of cultural and ethnic diversity. The participants arrived at a consensus that local race relations had improved as a consequence of working together to reduce substance abuse. Common themes were identified from the various experiences of these communities: (1) a common cause can bring diverse groups together; (2) it is important to understand and acknowledge diversity within racial groups; (3) it is important to involve community residents and institutional leaders as participants of equal status; and (4) local governments can be instrumental in facilitating constructive community efforts. Brief profiles provide more specific information about the substance abuse efforts in each of the communities. Critical questions to be considered in implementing substance abuse programs with implications for race relations are posed. (SLD)