The National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) is the only nationally representative and continuing assessment of what students in the United States know and can do in various academic subjects. The 1996 NAEP in mathematics assessed the current level of mathematical achievement as a mechanism for informing education reform. In 1996, 44 states, the District of Columbia, Guam, and the Department of Defense schools took part in the NAEP state mathematics assessment program. The NAEP 1996 state mathematics assessment was at grade 4 and grade 8, although grades 4, 8, and 12 were assessed at the national level. The 1996 state mathematics assessment covered the five content strands: (1) Number Sense, Properties, and Operations; (2) Measurement; (3) Geometry and Spatial Sense; (4) Data Analysis, Statistics, and Probability; and (5) Algebra and Functions. In New Hampshire, 212 students in 12 nonpublic schools were assessed at the eighth-grade level. (To ensure comparability across jurisdictions, the National Center for Education Statistics, has established guidelines for school and student participation rates. In 1996, New Hampshire participated at grade 8 only, with both public and nonpublic school samples. The grade 8 public school sample did not meet the guidelines for publication, due to low participation rate; however, the nonpublic school sample was sufficient to meet the guidelines for publication.) This report describes the mathematics proficiency of New Hampshire eighth-grade nonpublic school students, compares their overall performance to students in the Northeast region of the United States and the entire United States (using data from the NAEP national assessment), presents the average proficiency for the five content strands, and summarizes the performance of subpopulations (gender, race/ethnicity, parents' educational level, Title I participation, and free/reduced lunch program eligibility). To provide a context for the assessment data, participating students, their mathematics teachers, and principals completed questionnaires which focused on: school characteristics (attendance); instructional content (curriculum coverage, standards; amount of homework); delivery of mathematics instruction and its characteristics; use of technology in mathematics instruction; students' own views about mathematics; and conditions facilitating mathematics learning (hours of television watched, parental support, home influences). (ASK)