This report summarizes the discussion and conclusions of an educational roundtable examining the collected research on K-12 single-sex education produced over more than two decades. The one day roundtable generated many points of disagreement and several profound unanswered questions. Nonetheless, there was consensus on a series of statements. These included: (1) there is no evidence that single-sex education in general "works" or is "better" than coeducation; (2) no matter whether in a coed or a single-sex setting, educators and policymakers need to work further to identify the components of a "good education"; (3) single-sex educational programs produce positive results for some students in some settings; (4) the long-term impact of single-sex education on girls or boys is unknown; (5) no learning environment, single-sex or coed, provides a sure escape from sexism; and (6) single-sex education covers so broad a gamut as to defy most generalizations. The volume also presents a literature review by Pamela Haag and four roundtable papers: "Is Single-Sex Secondary Schooling a Solution to the Problem of Gender Inequality" (Valerie E. Lee); "The Future of Single-Sex Schools" (Cornelius Riordan); "What's Sex Got to Do with It? Simplistic Questions, Complex Answers" (Patricia A. Campbell; Ellen Wahl); and "The Contexts of Single-Sex Classes" (Diane S. Pollard). Each paper contains references. Appendixes include materials prepared for and distributed at the AAUW Educational Foundation's Single Sex Roundtable in November 1997.