To assist workers dislocated as Hungary and Poland move to market economies, the governments of both countries provide their labor force with unemployment compensation and various active labor programs (ALPs). ALP impacts were examined by surveying four randomly selected samples: 7,228 ALP participants from 10 counties in Hungary; 4,414 Hungarians not enrolled in ALPs; 7,507 ALP participants from 8 provinces in Poland; and 7,749 Poles not enrolled in ALPs. The response rates for the four groups were 81.4%, 76.5%, 92.6%, and 95.5%, respectively. The Hungarian ALP participants included individuals in one of the following: group retraining; individual retraining; wage subsidy program; public service employment; and self-employment. The Polish ALP participants included individuals in retraining, public works programs, intervention works programs, and self-employment. A preliminary analysis of the survey responses suggested that, in both countries, most ALPs were yielding positive impacts and employment services were providing additive benefits. Because strong evidence of nonrandom assignment to programs was found, it was emphasized that caution should be used when interpreting the preliminary results. Plans to analyze the survey responses further and obtain supplementary data were outlined. (Appendixes constituting approximately 50% of this document contain maps and 25 tables/figures.) (MN)