The importance of integrating developmental research and social policy is becoming increasingly evident as researchers focus on ways to address the needs of children and families. This article discusses these developments, focusing not only on the possibilities but also on the challenges inherent in bridging the disparate worlds of research and social policy. It is noted that many researchers are monitoring the well-being of children and directing their work toward the understanding of how social problems contribute to mental dysfunction, including fragmentation of the family and poverty. The chapter then focuses on studies and policy responses to two societal changes that have had a profound effect on family life: maternal employment and divorce. The School of the 21st Century program is described as an example of the integration of research and the policy process. Several examples of the opportunities that now exist for researchers and service providers are noted to contribute to the development of programs and policies for children and families. In conclusion, the effectiveness of researchers and service providers is dependent on a thorough knowledge of the developmental research as well as familiarity with and understanding of the social policy process. Their ability to work with policymakers is also critical. Contains over 100 references. (SD)