It is useful to think of teachers and students in primary classrooms as a family, where flexibility and meeting individual needs are essential. These "families" should represent all primary age groups. This guide describes how to implement multi-age and multi-ability primary programs in Kentucky schools based on the requirements of the law that establishes the Kentucky primary program (KRS 156.160). The guide first presents several different multi-age grouping options, discussing both their advantages and limitations. Suggestions include that for the first semester, students be placed in a single-age setting based on developmentally appropriate practices that meet the individual student's needs, and in the second semester that they be integrated into a multi-age setting for part of the week. Options for multi-ability grouping are also described. They include grouping for instructional needs, cooperative learning, reinforcement, problem solving, interest, learning styles, peer tutoring, multiple intelligences, and single age. These options give children opportunities to advance at their own rate, to assist other children, and to mix with students of different ages. Attachments include the Multi-Age Multi-Ability Grouping Position Statement of the Kentucky Board of Education and several daily classroom schedules. Contains 14 references. (AS)