This report assesses the extent to which ineligible noncitizens receive postsecondary federal student financial assistance. The study focused on the following issues: (1) processes needed to ensure that ineligible noncitizens do not receive federal student aid under Title IV of the Higher Education Act, (2) the numbers of potentially ineligible persons identified through these processes, and (3) the degree to which ineligible noncitizens are receiving aid despite these processes. Social Security Administration records are used to screen for U.S. citizenship and Immigration and Naturalization Service records are used to screen noncitizens. The Department of Education believes that the process works reasonably well; however, responsibility for identifying ineligible applicants is shared by the Department of Education and by the above named institutions. Two types of matches are used to identify potentially ineligible applicants. If the Department questions an applicant's eligibility, the college financial aid administrators are required to resolve the eligibility. Although no comprehensive studies on financial aid to ineligible persons have been done, no cases of fraud have been brought before the Office of the Inspector General since the current process was implemented in 1996. (CH)