Essays in applied linguistics include: "Meaningful Negotiation: A Study of the Pedagogical Value of Autotutor-An Interactive Video Learning Resource" (John Stephen Byrne); "Medium of Instruction in the L2 Classroom" (Wei Danhua); "The Story of Language Contact and Shift in Ireland: How Unique, How Universal?" (Markku, Filppula); "Creating the Third Self: Pragmatic Transfer in Third Language Acquisition" (Robert J. Fouser); "Reading: Motivation Through Challenge" (Theo Harden); "A Native Bound-Morpheme Combines with Fully Nativised Borrowed Morphemes: A Highly Productive Language-Contact Feature in the Irish of Cape Clear" (Roibeard O hUrdail); "Teaching Irish to Americans: Focus on Feedback" (Thomas W. Ihde); "Syntactic Typology and the Problem with Choosing One Analysis" (Alan R. King); "Avoidance or Some Other Strategy: A Case for the Passive in Arabic and English" (Ghiath El Marzouk); "SLA Before ABC: Factors Facilitating Second Language Acquisition in Irish-Medium Playgroups" (Maire Mhic Mhathuna); "Academic Regulation of EFL in Ireland: Developments Since 1991" (Mary Ruane); "Second Languages in the Primary School: The Age Factor Dimension" (David Singleton); and "Some Issues Regarding Irish" (Patrick J. Wall). (MSE)