The paper discusses the results of a longitudinal study, conducted in Swedish public schools, of children in the sixth grade in 1979-80 (n=116) and children in the third grade in 1981-82 (n=123) with mild mental retardation who had not been labeled. The study replicates an earlier study on the incidence of mild mental retardation which was conducted to evaluate the ability of the Swedish educational system to provide everyone with equal opportunities for an equivalent education. The paper explains the eligibility of Swedish students who are not administratively classified as having mental retardation for needed services and for regular schools to provide these services with regular education resources. Results of the study found an incidence rate for mild mental retardation of 1.45 percent in the sixth grade sample and 1.56 percent in the third grade sample. Comparisons are made between the students with mild mental retardation and students without disabilities in the areas of grades, results on mathematics tests, remedial education services, and feelings about school. The effects of the children not being labeled as having mental retardation are assessed and the need for labeling and segregation of children with mild mental retardation is questioned. (Contains 22 references.) (CR)