This study addresses the basic question: What are the factors that influence the academic experience of Mexican children, and, to what extent do these factors result in deficits in student learning and achievement? The study was conducted over the course of 5 weeks throughout Mexico in the regions of Juarez, Chihuahua, Michoacan, Mexico, D.F., Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Merida. Data were collected by means of personal observations, visitations, interviews, and lectures by and with sociologists, economists, social workers, public administrators, educators, curriculum specialists, and other knowledgeable professionals. Findings include: (1) Mexico has a high illiteracy rate, despite the free, compulsory nature of education in Mexico; (2) socioeconomic issues influence the availability and quality of education received; (3) cultural and social isolation of indigenous people is another component that significantly impacts the schooling of Mexican children; and (4) the economic and political position of teachers in Mexico significantly affect the schooling of children. (EH)