This book is a collection of works by mathematics educators from Spain with an emphasis on preservice primary teacher education. This book aims to promote reflection upon and discussion of research issues as well as put out a call to action. Articles include: (1) "Contexts and Learning to Teach Mathematics. The Case of Prospective Elementary Teachers" (S. Llinares); (2) "History and Background of Spanish Primary Teacher Training on Mathematics and Its Didactics" (Modesto Sierra and Luis Rico); (3) "Epistemological Changes in Primary Education in Spain from 1970" (Maria Luz Callejo and Camino Canon); (4) "The Understanding of Mathematical Topics and Instructional Representations: The Case of Fractions and Rational Number by Prospective Elementary Teachers" (Salvador Llinares and Victoria Sanchez); (5) "Prospective Teachers' Pedagogical Content Knowledge about Multiplicative Structures" (Enrique Castro and Encarnacion Castro); (6) "Thinking about Mathematics and Its Teaching: An Experience with Preservice Teachers" (Marta Civil); (7) "Learning to Teach Mathematics: Types of Knowledge" (Lorenzo J. Blanco); "Habitual School Practices and Problem Solving Situations: The Case of Carlota" (Victoria Sanchez and Salvador Llinares); and (9) "Exploring an Integrated Model of Assessment with Prospective Teachers" (J. Gimenez and J. M. Fortuny). Contains 278 references. (DDR)