In the United States today Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) is recognized by professionals as a distinct disorder, a neurobiological disability marked by inattentiveness, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. About 2-10% of school-age children suffer from ADD, making it an issue of rising concern to families and school leaders. It is necessary that physicians, teachers, parents, and health care personnel who work with ADD children be knowledgeable about brain function and its affect on behavior. Neurochemical models of ADD view it as a malfunction of the brain stem and deficiencies in the levels of neuro-transmitters necessary for sending information to other parts of the brain. There is much evidence that ADD is genetic. Though there are several psycho-medical disorders with symptoms that mimic ADD, technological advances in examining the brain aid in diagnosis. Some of the educational strategies in teaching children with ADD include a structured program, stimulus reduction, behavior modification, cognitive training, and psychopharmacology. Physicians play the pivotal role in provision of quality care and proper management of ADD; it is critical that they have a thorough understanding of this neurological disability. To effectively protect children's health requires a collaborative effort among physicians, parents, teachers, counselors, school administrators, and community. (Contains 20 references.) (LSR)