The testing of grammar is one of the mainstays of language testing, since it can be argued that a basic knowledge of grammar underlies the ability to use language to express meaning. The most common way of testing grammatical knowledge is the multiple-choice test, and the most common multiple-choice item is one in which the student selects a word to complete the sentence correctly. Students can also be asked to select the correct response to an utterance or to choose the most equivalent statement. Error correction items are also useful in testing grammar. A traditional way to test knowledge of word order is to present alternative word orders and ask the student to select the best. Understanding of appropriate sentence order can be tested in the same way. Still another type of grammar test item uses transformations in which the test taker constructs new sentences that have the same meaning as the original sentence. Sentence combining exercises also play a part in grammar testing. While the testing of grammar is limited in that it does not guarantee that the test taker can use the grammatical knowledge in real communication, it is sometimes necessary and useful. In constructing a grammar test, the teacher must consider the ease of marking, the degree of control, and the degree of realism. (SLD)