Vocational rehabilitation (VR) counselors in states where American Indians reside in large numbers were surveyed to determine the proportion of American Indian clients with alcohol or substance abuse problems in the counselors' caseloads and the kinds of specializes services provided to the clients A total of 124 VR counselors from 14 states responded to the survey. Twenty-seven of the respondents were employed in tribally operated VR projects in nine states. Thirty-nine respondents were American Indians themselves. Results are reported for the following areas: relationships with clients, minimum period of sobriety before implementing services, training background and needs, treatment modalities, elements of treatment, and aftercare. The survey found that Native American traditional healing was the most highly rated treatment model. About one-third of responding counselors wanted more training, with workshops selected as the preferred vehicle. A need for certain VR support services, such as maintenance services, was also found. Recommendations address design of training workshops, exemplary treatment programs, and alternatives to abstinence requirements before implementing VR services. A bibliography of approximately 200 items is attached along with a sample cover letter to respondents and a list of recommended programs. (Contains 36 references and 5 tables.) (DB)