This publication consists of two reports that were commissioned by the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization as background for its biennial report on world education. The first paper, "Educational Psychology and Teaching Methods in China: Developments and Trends," by Duan Huifen and others, indicates that educational psychology in China began with the introduction of theories from abroad. This was followed by a period of testing, assimilation, and thorough investigation, and finally by actual creative development. A distinctively Chinese school of educational psychology has yet to be developed, but one trend is the emphasis on the harmonious development of the whole personality. The second paper, "Trends and Developments in Educational Psychology in the United States," by Rochel Gelman and Meredith Gattis Lee, emphasizes recent interest in the constructivist nature of learning, a view that is currently in favor. Notions of learning as a process of building associations are being expanded in examinations of the active construction of knowledge. (The first paper contains 60 references, and the second, 121 references, many of which are annotated.) (SLD)