This study, originally commissioned by the Carnegie Corporation in 1938, makes it clear that the root of the "Negro problem" is the conflict between American moral valuations preserved in the American ideal and the valuations existing on specific planes of individual and group living. There is a jarring discrepancy between the professed respect for the inalienable rights of all and the pervasive violations of the dignity of blacks. Volume II continues the exploration of Volume I, with the 22 chapters in the following sections: (6) "Justice"; (7) "Social Inequality"; (8) "Social Stratification"; (9) "Leadership and Concerted Action"; (10) "The Negro Community"; and (11) "An American Dilemma." The 10 appendixes included in this volume provide information on the methodology of the study and additional information about the condition of blacks at various times and places in the United States. (Volume II contains 11 tables, including those in footnotes, 8 appendix tables, and 784 references.) (SLD)