This study tested a causal model of vocational behavior developed by Astin (1984) that incorporated both psychological (work motivation and work expectations) and cultural-environmental (gender-role socialization and the structure of opportunity) factors. A questionnaire packet was administered to 113 faculty women and 103 faculty men. Similarities and differences in predictors of publishing activity for faculty women and men are discussed. Although some interesting relationships among the variables were found, the present study did not support the model. To promote future research, some conceptual and methodological problems of the study are pointed out. Contains 50 references. Five figures and three table present data and statistical analysis. (Author/TS)