This book presents a collection of essays concerning the history and culture of the Oneidas of Wisconsin. Two separate perspectives emphasizing Oneida cultural persistence are presented: views of the academic world and those of the Oneida community. Part I of the book focuses on the history and adaptations of the Oneidas in their New York homeland beginning in the 17th century. Part II describes the motives and methods used by New York State officials from the 1700s through the early 1900s in divesting the Oneidas of their homeland. This section also explores the aftereffects and legal implications of the Indians' removal to Wisconsin. Part III describes survival strategies implemented by the Wisconsin Oneidas beginning in the 1900s to secure their landbase. Strategies included developing capable tribal leadership, cultural maintenance, and developing educational initiatives. The essays are: (1) "The Oneida Homeland in the Seventeenth Century" (William A. Starna); (2) "Reverend Samuel Kirkland and the Oneida Indians" (James P. Ronda); (3) "The Oneidas and the American Revolution" (Barbara Graymont); (4) "The Oneida Treaty Period, 1783-1838" (Jack Campisi); (5) "The Wisconsin Oneidas in the Preallotment Years" (Reginald Horsman); (6) "The Allotment of the Oneida Reservation and Its Legal Ramifications" (Arlinda Locklear); (7) "Recollections of an Urban Indian Community: The Oneidas of Milwaukee" (Nancy O. Lurie); (8) "Oneida Women Leaders" (Thelma Cornelius McLester); (9) "William Skenandore" (Francis Skenandore); (10) "Recollections of the Works Progress Administration's Oneida Language and Folklore Project, 1938-41" (Floyd Lounsbury); (11) "Three WPA Stories"; (12) "Recollections of the Oneida Language Revival, 1972-85, by Participants in the Program" (Orville Clark and others); (13) "Oneida Traditions" (Gloria Halbritter and others); (14) "Educating the Next Generation of Oneidas" (Norbert S. Hill, Jr.); (15) "Oneida Educational Planning: Assessing Community Needs Today" (Rosalie M. Robertson); and (16) "Educational Development for the Oneida Reservation: The Oneida Tribal School and Beyond" (William A. Gollnick). Contains maps, an index, and a select bibliography. (LP)