This digest summarizes principles of performance assessment, which connects classroom assessment to learning. Specific ways that assessment can enhance instruction are outlined, as are criteria that assessments should meet in order to inform instructional decisions. Performance assessment is compared to behavioral assessment, mastery learning, and curriculum-based management. Three key features of performance assessment are distinguished: (1) students construct, rather than select, responses; (2) assessment formats allow teachers to observe student behavior on tasks reflecting real-world requirements; and (3) scoring reveals patterns in students' learning and thinking. An example of a performance assessment task is provided. Performance assessment is evaluated in terms of seven general criteria for assessment, such as the measurement of important learning outcomes; compatibility with a variety of instructional models; and ease of administration, scoring, and interpretation by teachers. (DB)