This study sought to identify and analyze critical factors in a Hispanic student's decision to persist or drop out at California state four-year institutions. In-depth telephone interviews with 151 Hispanic American students at five University of California campuses and seven California State University campuses were conducted. The interviews focused on the role of the Latino family, influence of peers, mentors, gender, finances, retention programs at target institutions, and campus climate. Findings included the following: (1) most of the students were from families with four or more children; (2) most indicated receiving strong encouragement and support in their academic endeavors from their parents; (3) eight of ten held jobs while attending college; (4) 75 percent of students worked off-campus; (5) 83 percent enrolled as full-time students; (6) the majority of students were living at or below the poverty level and depended on family for financial support; (7) the largest number attended California State University campuses, allowing many of them to live at home; (8) almost 60 percent of students felt the lack of financial aid was the most serious obstacle to the achievement of their educational goals; and (9) 77 percent felt welcomed on campus and felt no alienation. The most comprehensive retention programs were at the University of California, especially the Berkeley campus. (Contains 80 references.) (JB)