This paper discusses the characteristics of resilient children and how to build protective processes within and around children so that they overcome risk at critical decision-making moments in their lives. A research-based definition of resilience is outlined, and major protective mechanisms are discussed. Critical transitions for students are explored. Terms considered to be synonymous with resilience are positive coping, persistence, adaptation, and long-term success despite adverse circumstances. Resilience should be viewed as something parents and educators foster by providing these major protective processes: (1) reducing negative outcomes by altering the risk or exposure; (2) reducing negative chain reactions following risk exposure; (3) establishing and maintaining self-esteem and self-efficacy; and (4) opening up opportunities. Critical transition points are the changes from home to school, and from each step of schooling (elementary, middle, high, and college) to the next. Strategies for assisting in these transitions are outlined. A 26-item annotated bibliography is included. (Contains 49 references.) (SLD)