This guide contains a collection of alternative techniques for teaching arithmetic that have proved useful in teaching both children and adults with various learning problems. Discussed first are several underlying principles of instructing individuals with learning disabilities, problems, and differences and special accommodations for learning-disabled students, including the use of graph paper and calculators. The remainder of the guide consists of sections of alternative instructional techniques and exercises dealing with the following topics: odd versus even, reading large numbers, number facts, addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, fractions, decimals, percentages, measuring, and numbers and shapes. Also included in each section is information about special difficulties that learning-disabled students frequently encounter when learning the specific mathematical concept/operation under consideration and strategies for overcoming those difficulties. (MN)