This theme issue of the Bernard van Leer Foundation's "Newsletter" is devoted to approaches to working with disadvantaged children up to 3 years of age. An introduction describes the crucial period from before birth to 3 years, noting that although the mother's body provides the an essential part of the environment, other easily identifiable (and avoidable) factors can cause problems. Providing training programs and information can help reduce risks. It also notes that child development can vary from culture to culture. Intervention can be guided by theory, but it is important to recognize that most theory originates in the United States or Europe and should not be assumed to be universally valid. The remainder of the newsletter consists of descriptions of intervention approaches and programs for disadvantaged children in: (1) France; (2) Peru; (3) Israel; (4) The Netherlands; (5) Romania; (6) El Salvador; (7) Zimbabwe; (8) England; (9) the United States; (10) Scotland; (11) Malaysia; (12) and Columbia. One essay discusses various child development theories, including those of Piaget, Vygotsky, Bronfenbrenner, and Brazelton. (TM)