Recognizing the demand for a knowledge base to use to enhance the redesigning of the American educational system, this study adds to that base by identifying factors that are likely to lead to successful redesign. Two public elementary schools undergoing restructuring as part of the Indiana 2000 initiative were selected. One served over 180 students, many of whom were disadvantaged economically and educationally. The other school, a large school of 530 students, was a suburban school where 4% to 5% of students were minorities. Data were collected through observation, site visits, and interviews with teachers, administrators, parents, and community members. The literature review indicated the following elements as the most critical for successful redesign: (1) resources; (2) change management; (3) appropriate internal structure and culture; (4) support from the environment; and (5) clearly shared visions. The case studies did not find clearly shared visions to be as important as the other factors, possibly because of the context in which these schools are being restructured. (Contains 34 references.) (SLD)