A study assessed labor shortages in the United States by conducting case studies of four occupations: special education teachers, paraprofessional home care workers, electrical and electronic engineers, and tool and die makers. The research approach combined analysis of existing data sources and interviews with individuals knowledgeable about the labor markets for the occupations. Theoretical background on the causes and consequences of labor shortages was examined. Research indicated the presence of occupational shortages in two of the four occupations--special education teachers and home care workers. In these two occupations, labor market conditions were more directly influenced by government intervention and other institutional barriers. Although strongly linked to low wage levels, shortages of home care workers also resulted from an explosive growth in the demand for home health care services and poor working conditions. Shortages of special education teachers were linked to inflexibility in wages, "burnout," and government actions that have increased the demand for these teachers. Labor shortages could result in loss of production of goods and services. Employers were more likely to implement strategies to respond to shortages that involved relatively short-term commitment of resources. Strategies to anticipate or recognize labor shortages and approaches to reduce or eliminate shortages were suggested. (Appendixes include the instrument used with tool and die makers.) (YLB)