This book contains 11 essays that follow the community service and student loan legislation as it proceeded through Congress. The essays illuminate the policymaking process by explaining the evolution of new national policies and by tracing the history of these two pieces of legislation. The book is organized in three parts. The first two parts each begin with a Clinton administration official describing the policy as proposed by the administration; they include commentary both pro and con by members of Congress and an overview by a nongovernment representative. The following essays on community service are contained in Part I: "Toward the Reality of National Service" (Eli Segal); "Enacting the National and Community Service Trust Act of 1993" (Edward M. Kennedy); "National Service: A Watchful Concern" (Nancy Landon Kassebaum); "An Independent Sector Perspective on National and Community Service" (Roger Landrum); and "National Service: Utopias Revisited" (Doug Bandow). The following essays on student loans make up Part II: "Student Loan Reform Act of 1993" (Madeleine M. Kunin); "The Direct Student Loan Program: Acknowledging the Future" (William D. Ford); "Direct Student Loans: A Questionable Public Policy Decision" (Bill Goodling); "Direct Loans: A New Paradigm" (Thomas A. Butts); "Enactment of the Federal Direct Student Loan Program as a Reflection of the Education Policymaking Process" (John E. Dean). Part III contains a commentary on both of the earlier parts: "Two Tough Battles, Two New Laws: What Can We Learn from All of This?" (John F. Jennings). (KC)