It is time to revise the Chapter 1 program to prepare disadvantaged children to meet the challenges of the National Education Goals. The Chapter 1 program must be aligned with larger reforms to develop higher standards for student performance and greater accountability. The gap in achievement between disadvantaged and other students means that high-poverty schools will have much greater difficulty in meeting the National Education Goals. The Hawkins-Stafford Amendments were a step toward holding Chapter 1 projects accountable for improved performance and they sought to provide the supports needed to implement change within the program. Since the amendments' enactment, however, the nation has moved to reform education, and is outpacing the Hawkins-Stafford reforms. Research shows that the current program is not helping to close the achievement gap. Fundamental changes must require high standards for all children, with strategies that promote them. Ten important directions for the reform of Chapter 1 are described. Six exhibits illustrate the discussion. (SLD)