A study confirmed that Laubach Literacy Action (LLA) and Literacy Volunteers of America (LVA) remain the primary national providers of volunteer-based literacy instruction. Both organizations provide basic literacy instruction and beginning instruction in English as a Second Language on a one-to-one or small-group basis by tutors. Each organization has developed its own formal training program for tutors and its own training methods and materials. LLA and LVA programs are often considered the outreach arm of the adult education system. As of 1990, LLA reported 98,271 volunteer tutors serving 147,087 adult learners through 1,023 local LLA councils in 45 states. As of 1991, LVA reported 51,437 volunteers serving 52,338 adult learners through 434 state and local LVA affiliate programs in 41 states. The instructional approaches of both organizations are firmly grounded in phonics; however, both organizations incorporate other teaching approaches and tools to meet students' individual goals and interests. Of LLA's $8.7 million annual budget for 1990, $7.5 million came from the sale of LLA publications. Forty percent of the LVA national budget of $2.2 million came from the sale of LVA publications. (Case studies of a state LLA program, a state LVA program, and three local programs of each organization are appended.) (MN)