A study undertaken in China investigated the attitudes of 512 students of English as a Second Language, aged 18-52, in 15 colleges and universities. A two-part, semi-structured, open-ended questionnaire, was administered in 1988 and 1989. The first part, the Chinese Values Survey, was designed to examine cultural values from an Eastern rather than a Western perspective. Responses were analyzed at three levels: group (culture); demographic (student characteristics such as age, gender, and major); and individual. The second part, a questionnaire on attitudes toward English language learning and teaching, was offered in both English and Chinese. Results indicate the students rank knowledge (education), trustworthiness, and self-cultivation above other values. Attributes least valued include having few desires, being non-competitive, moderation, and being conservative. Subjects ranked the four language skills in this descending order of confidence: reading, speaking, listening, and writing. Study methods found most popular and perceived as most effective included practice, use, independent study, reading, listening, and memorization. Students' opportunities for English use outside the classroom, anticipated future use of the language, and skill areas needing improvement most were also investigated. Variations in response according to gender, age, and major are examined and additional information gathered from open-ended responses is discussed. (MSE)