This report presents the results of an assessment of social studies in the state of Massachusetts. From 240 to 390 test items were administered to all students in grades 4, 8, and 12. The test covered history, government/citizenship, geography, sociocultural environment, economics, multicultural environment, social studies process skills, and analysis/evaluation of information. Because of the breadth of the test, each student took only a portion of the entire test battery and scores were aggregated at the school level. In addition to the test items, questionnaires were given to each of the students, their teachers, and their principals. The purpose of the questionnaires was to obtain information on curriculum, instruction, and other factors. Comprised of four chapters, chapter 1 gives the background of the testing program and describes the development and content of the test itself. Chapter 2 discusses student achievement in detail, using specific items to illustrate conclusions. Chapter 3 examines curriculum and instructional practices, as reflected in responses to the questionnaire, and relates these practices to performance on the test. Chapter 4 presents a summary and conclusions. (DB)