It is proposed that schools receiving funds under Chapter 1 (Hawkins Stafford Act 1988) be required to spend at least 20 percent of their allocations on staff development. High-quality staff development programs would enable schools to improve instruction all day for all students. Chapter 1 schools would become centers of educational renewal and professional growth and would attract teachers interested in professional growth and innovation. To avoid overloading existing staff development capacities, this requirement could be phased in over 4 years, with 5 percent set aside in Year 1, 10 percent in Year 2, 15 percent in Year 3, and 20 percent in Year 4. To complement staff development, it will be necessary to learn more about effective educational practice. The Chapter 1 Program needs a large number of programs and practices that have been well developed, well researched, and found effective. A set-aside of one percent of Chapter 1 dollars for development, evaluation, and dissemination of effective programs and practices is also recommended. Chapter 1 can thus help build the infrastructure of educational research and development (R&D). Schools should have the freedom to select consultants, programs, and trainers. (SLD)