The demand for competent translators is at an all-time high. Translators work with written language, and generally work either in-house for a business, translation agency, or other institution, or as free-lancers. Leading employers of translators in the United States are the federal government, domestic and multinational corporations and subsidiaries, importers and exporters, commercial and non-profit research institutions, manufacturers, engineering and construction firms, publishing industry, patent attorneys, news media, international organizations, and foreign, diplomatic, commercial, and scientific represtnatives in the U.S. translators must be capable of expressing in the target language ideas formulated by someone else in the source language, requiring knowledge of subject-specific terminology, awareness of style and grammar, regional language, and nuances and idiomatic expressions. Translation courses are increasingly available in colleges and universities. Qualifications recommended for translators in the current market include subject-matter specialization, high target language proficiency, highly-developed writing skills, broad and varied language training, and periodic professional continuing education. Need for translation exists most commonly in advertising, commercial information-gathering, business communication, scientific and professional journals, and scholarly writing. (MSE)