This document is the fourth revision of a statement by the Centers for Disease Control. Introductory and background chapters present data that indicate significant adverse effects of lead levels in children's blood that were previously believed to be safe. Other chapters discuss: (1) sources of lead exposure, including paint, soil and dust, and drinking water; (2) the role of the pediatric health care provider, including interpreting blood lead levels and educating parents about reducing lead levels in the blood; (3) the role of state and local public health, housing, and environmental agencies; (4) screening, including schedules and measurement techniques; (5) diagnostic evaluation and medical management of affected children, including symptoms of lead poisoning and chelation procedures; (6) management of local hazards in the child's environment, including testing for lead-based paint; and (7) management of local hazards in the community, including surveillance of blood levels and environmental factors, prevention planning, and hazard abatement. At the end of most chapters, a list of references relevant to the chapter's topic is provided. Appendixes include a description of the protocol for testing blood lead levels through capillary sampling and a summary of the document for the benefit of pediatric health care providers. (BC)